The basic element of photovoltaic technology is the cell, composed of a semiconductor material, silicon, treated by means of doping operations.

Silicon, the active element of the system in terms of the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy, is present in a double layer (One doped P and one doped N): electrons instrumental for generating the flow of current are generated within this junction.

Metallic electrical contacts (of silver, aluminum, or aluminum alloy) are attached to the silicon layer by a serigraph system with the goal of tapping into the greater potential flow of electricity and channeling it away.

These metallic contacts consist of a grid on the front part of the cell, on which solar radiation strikes, and a continuous surface on the back face, where radiation does not strike, composed of conductive material.